![]() Beyond that, you should investigate online UPSs.Īlso called an online double-conversion UPS, online UPS systems provide the highest level of protection for IT equipment in hospitals and data centers. Also, most line-interactive UPSs can power up to 4,000 watts of connected equipment. In the event of a power failure, most line-interactive UPS systems deliver pure sine wave output, making them a good pairing with most devices. These few milliseconds, while a quick enough transfer for most equipment, may not cut it for very sensitive electronics, so you may need to look to online UPSs. If the input AC power fails, the transfer switch changes direction within about 4-8 milliseconds, allowing the battery power to flow to the UPS output. While the input AC power is flowing normally, the inverter is reversed and charges the battery. Unlike standby UPS systems, the inverters of line-interactive UPS systems are part of the output and always connected. This conserves battery power in the short-term as well as the battery life in the long-term. Whereas a standby UPS would switch to battery power in such an instance, line-interactive UPS systems do not. Line-interactive UPSs have automatic voltage regulation (AVR), using transformers to keep the voltage within set low/high limits (usually plus or minus 8-15% of the nominal voltage). With this type of UPS, the inverter is always on and connected to the UPS output. Line-interactive UPS systems are the next step up in power protection and cost from standby UPSs. Standby UPSs are best-suited for small, non-critical electronic devices and home/personal office use. Most of these units only run for 5-20 minutes to give you enough time to properly shut off your computer so you’d need to upgrade to a UPS with a larger capacity if this won’t meet your needs. Square/pseudo sine waves can cause overheating, malfunctioning or even equipment failure in some electronics. Generally, offline UPSs provide a square/pseudo sine wave output waveform, which can be problematic in combination with sensitive electronic equipment. They are called “offline” or “standby UPS” since the inverter is switched off by default. In the event of the main power supply dipping above or below the normal limits, the load is transferred to the inverter output, typically within 5-8 milliseconds. For that you would need at least a line-interactive UPS. However, they aren’t capable of regulating power dips and transient voltage. Standby UPSs defend against blackouts as well as both voltage surges and spikes. Voltage Sag. A type of brownout that is shorter in duration.Īlso known as an offline UPS or VFD (Voltage and Frequency-Dependent) UPS, is the most common type of UPS system, offering basic power protection and backup battery capabilities.Even small surges from faulty contactors can cause permanent damage over time. Lightning strikes can bring about huge power surges that damage or destroy devices instantly. Also called “transient voltage”, this is a brief, unexpected increase in voltage outside normal limits for wall outlets (typically 0 and 169 volts, or greater than 110% of normal output). It could last a few minutes or even several days. Basically a mini power surge, also known as a swell, this is higher-than-normal voltage lasting longer than a surge. It can hinder the performance of electronic circuits. Line Noise. Also called frequency noise, line noise is caused by interference of stray electromagnetic signals within a standard AC current, line noise can be caused by other AC-connected electronic devices, radio wave interference, power generators, or lightning storms.Caused by electronic devices (including UPS systems themselves) drawing current in jagged pulses rather than a smooth, sinusoidal wave. Frequency Variation. This is a problem that can arise when connected to power generators, when the generator is no longer synced to the power system within a desired frequency. ![]() Rarer than blackouts, oftentimes this happens due to compromised power resources or reduced power flow in high demand circumstances. Brownout. Also known as a voltage dip or under voltage, occasionally electricity is still reaching your electronic devices, but at reduced voltage, for an extended amount of time.Blackouts can last from a few seconds to a few days. Blackout. Probably the issue that’s most familiar, this is the complete loss of electrical supply due to utility equipment/power grid failure, natural disasters or human error.There are several common power issues a UPS can help protect you against:
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